实用英语语法精华班

第25节反意疑问句

主讲人：徐国庆

•

主要涉及强调句、倒装句、省略句、反

意疑问句、祈使句、感叹句以及其它特

殊句式如there be 句型等。

反意疑问句是考试经常考查的语法项目

之一，考查的重点是：祈使句和含有宾

语从句的主从复合句的反意疑问句及句

尾的附加成分等。

•

主要考点有：

1. 祈使句的判断

2. 祈使句固定结构

3. 反意疑问句一般用法及特殊用法

知识要点

反意疑问句相当于“对不对？”“好不好？”“行

不行？”，用yes或 no 回答。由两部分组成，

前一部分是陈述句，后一部分是附加疑问短语，

中间用逗号隔开，所以反意疑问句又叫附加疑问

句。通常的形式是：肯定的陈述句＋否定的附加

疑问，或否定的陈述句＋肯定的附加疑问。如：

He studies English, doesn’t he?

He doesn’t study English, does he?

They are from America, aren’t they?

They are not from America, are they?

反意疑问句的主要考点

•

一、陈述句如果是there be句型，则附加疑问句

要用there充当主语，而不用it或者they来与存

在句中的主语保持一致：

•

1. There is a cup on the table, isn’t there?

2. There were lots of people over there,

weren’t there?

•

3. There’s nothing wrong, is there?

二、陈述句的主语如果是everyone

everybody)，someone (somebody)，

(

anyone (anybody)，no one，nobody，

则在附加疑问句中通常使用they，尤其是在

口语中。但是，使用he也是正确的：

1

. Somebody borrowed my pen

yesterday, didn’t they?

. No one was injured in the car

accident, were they?

. Someone died here yesterday,

2

3

didn’t they?

但在正式语体中也可以见到用he的实例：

Everyone knows his name, doesn’t

he?

三、陈述句的主语如果是this，that，

these，those，则附加疑问句中的主语要

分别用it或they：

1. That is your hat, isn’t it?

2. Those are ugly, aren’t they?

四、附加疑问句通常要重复复合句中主句的

主语，但主句中如果含有I think /suppose /

expect /believe /imagine /fancy /suspect这

样的主谓

结构，则附加疑问句应重复that从句中的主语：

1

. I suppose you are not serious, are you?

. I expect you will have a good time there,

2

won’t you?

3. I don’t believe he has finished, has he?

五、否定转移句的附加疑问句，其主语应

重复that从句的主语：

1

. I don’t think you can do these

exercises alone, can you?

. I don’t imagine he cares, does

he?

2

3. I don’t think she knows French,

does she?

六、在Let’s与Let us (me)句后的附加疑问句

的主语是不同的：

1

2

3

. Let’s go for a walk, shall we?

. Let us go shopping, will you?

. Now, let me have a look at that project,

will

you?

七、陈述句的主语如果是one，则附加疑

问句的主语应当用one(英国英语)或he(美

国英语): One can’t be too careful,

can one?/ can he?

八、祈使句的主语为第三人称时，附加疑

问句

的主语既可用you，也可用they：

Somebody open this door, will you?/

will they?

九、在含used to的陈述句之后，附加疑问句要

使用助动词did，但亦可使用use(d)n’t:

1

. They used to write to you, didn’t

they?

. There used to be a cinema here,

2

use(d)n’t there?

十、在含I am的陈述句之后，附加疑问句的助动

词不使用am not，而使用aren’t（英国英语）

或am’t（美国英语）：

1. I am late, aren’t I? / am’t I?

2. I’m doing well, aren’t I?/ am’t I?

十一、祈使句为肯定句时，附加疑问句可

使用will you/ won’t you，can you/

can’t you。在否定的祈使句之后，附加

疑问句应使用will you或can you：

1

. Don’t make noise, will you?/ can

you?

. Don’t tell Joe, will you?

2

十二、陈述句中含有助动词ought to时，附加

疑问句既可使用oughtn’t，也可使用

shouldn’t：

1

. We ought to go now, shouldn’t we?

. We ought to buy a new car, oughtn’t

2

we?

十三、陈述句中含有助动词must时，附加疑

问句使用什么样的助动词，依must的含义而

定: a) must作“必须”解时，附加疑问句可

以重复must或改用need:

1. He must keep his word, mustn’t

he?

2. They must clean the floor after

school, needn’t they?

b) 当must not作“禁止”解时, 附加疑问句要用

may: 1. I must not go any further, may I?

2. They mustn’t take the book out of the

reading-room, may they?

c) must作“一定”、“准是”解时，附加疑问句

的助动词要与must后面的动词相照应：

1. They must be playing football, aren’ t they?

2. You must have misheard, haven’t you?

3. It must have rained last night, didn’t it?

十四、当I wish表示征求对方意见时，附加疑

问句可用may：I wish to have a rest now, may I?

十五、hardly, scarcely, seldom, rarely, little, few

等叫做半否定副词。含有这些半否定词的句子无论在句意上, 还是在

句法上, 都具有否定句的特点。因此这类句子的附加疑问句, 应采取

肯定形式:

1. He scarcely knew a word of English, did he?

2. You seldom work on Sundays, do you?

3. He had little time to spare, did he?

十六、当主句的动词have 表示“拥有”时，附加疑问

既可用have也可用do：

1. You have a color TV set, haven’t you/

don’t you?当主句的have不表示“拥有”而表示其

他意思时，附加疑问要用do：1. You had a cold

yesterday, didn’t you?

2. They don’t have coffee with breakfast, do

they?

十七、带有否定前缀的词虽然具有否定意义,

但含有这种词的句子仍被看作是肯定句:

1. That is impossible, isn’t it?

2. He was unhappy about this, wasn’t

he?

. Tom was unfair, wasn’t he?

3

十八、当陈述部分是主从复合句时，疑问

部分中的动词和代词应和主句中的动词和

主语保持一致，而不是和从句中的动词和

主语保持一致：

1

. They know that he is from England,

don’t they?

. He told me he would go there

tomorrow, didn’t he?

2

十九、并列句的反意疑问句其疑问部分一般

与最接近的分句的谓语保持一致：

1

. We must start at once or we can’t go there

on

time, can we?

2. He is a teacher but his wife isn’t a teacher, is

she?

二十、反意疑问句的回答要克服中文思维,

用事实进行回答, 是就用yes, 不是就用no:

1

. ---You aren’t a lawyer, are you?

--Yes, I am.

. ---He hasn’t been to the Great Wall,

has he?

--No, he hasn’t.

-

2

-